An Analysis of the Economic and NonEconomic Losses and Damages (ELD and NELD) Incurred By Farmers due to Climate Change in Meenangadi, Wayanad
This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the significant impacts of climate change on the agricultural sector, with a specific focus on Meenangadi in Wayanad, Kerala, one of the most affected regions. It evaluates both economic and non-economic losses (ELD & NELD) experienced by local farmers as a result of climate-induced events. The findings reveal that climate change affects not only agricultural productivity and infrastructure but also the social, cultural, and emotional well-being of farming communities.
The methodology used for this study is the FAO Damage and Losses (D&L) method, which was conducted in 2023, to estimate economic losses and the Garrett Ranking method to estimate noneconomic losses. Data were gathered from 120 farmers across different areas of Meenangadi to assess the actual consequences of climate events such as floods, droughts, and erratic weather patterns. Reported economic losses include crop failure, damage to homes, and loss of farm
equipment. Non-economic losses identified in the study include migration, psychological distress, erosion of traditional knowledge, and biodiversity loss.
Climate change has significantly reduced the yields of major crops in Meenangadi and led to a drastic decline in arable land. The study found that the cultivated area has decreased to one-third of its original size. Once-abundant paddy fields are rapidly vanishing, and traditional rice varieties are nearing extinction. Arecanut, another important crop in the region, has been problematic particularly after the devastating floods of 2018. Presently, many farmers struggle with its management. Moreover, agricultural lands are increasingly being converted into construction sites, further threatening local food systems.
The study focuses on non-economic losses, which are hard to measure but strongly affect farmers’ lives and are often ignored in climate studies. It recommends further research to understand the full scope of these losses and suggests data-driven mitigation strategies. Collaboration between local governments, civil society organizations, and NGOs is identified as crucial for addressing these challenges effectively.
One of the key findings is the untapped potential of avocado farming. Although avocado trees are commonly grown in household compounds in Meenangadi, they are not adequately marketed. The study highlights the opportunity to strengthen farmers’ incomes through the promotion of complementary activities such as fruit marketing, pig farming, and aquaculture.
This report serves as a vital resource for policymakers, local institutions, and community stakeholders seeking sustainable and inclusive solutions to climate-related agricultural challenges. It underscores the urgent need for coordinated and collaborative action to safeguard agriculture, a critical source of livelihood in vulnerable regions like Meenangadi.