Rice diversity in Asia is significant as it supports food security for over two billion people. Traditional practices play a crucial role in rice cultivation in Southeast Asia by ensuring sustainable farming methods, preserving biodiversity, and maintaining cultural heritage. These practices, such as using hand tools for harvesting and selecting
seed rice, help to enhance crop resilience and adapt to local environmental conditions. Furthermore, they foster community involvement and knowledge sharing, which are essential for the continuity of rice farming traditions.
At Thanal Agroecology Centre, Wayanad, some of the rice varieties collected and conserved include short-term varieties , medium-term varieties and long-term varieties Overall, the center conserves around 300+ traditional rice varieties.
Agroecological practices that can help mitigate the effects of climate change on rice cultivation include zero or reduced tillage, intercropping, crop rotation, mulching, organic farming, and the use of rice cultivars with low methane emissions. Additionally, practices like Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) and recycling farm waste into
organic fertilizers can also be beneficial. These methods promote resilience and sustainability in rice farming systems.
1. Cultural Significance: Rice is integral to Asian cultures, symbolizing fertility and sustenance.
2. Political Importance: It constitutes 40%-80% of caloric intake and is vital for food security in Asia.
3. Economic Role: Over 2 billion people rely on rice; it supports diverse agricultural systems and trade.
4. Climate Change Threats: Rice farming is affected by climate change, contributing to methane emissions.
5. Conservation Efforts: Initiatives focus on reviving drought and flood-resistant rice varieties to ensure sustainability.